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Add Image to Favorite List 2022-12-07 Mars Mars 2020 Rover
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NASA's Perseverance Mars rover took this image of regolith – broken rock and dust – on Dec. 2, 2022. This regolith will be considered for deposit on the Martian surface as part of the Mars Sample Return campaign.
PIA25588:
Perseverance's CacheCam Views a Regolith Sample
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.169 MB)     JPEG (49.21 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2022-12-12 Mars Mars Helicopter
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In this video, images from NASA's Mars Ingenuity Helicopter's Flight 9, which took place on July 5, 2021, have been post-processed to identify areas suitable for landing and enable the use of digital elevation maps to help navigate.
PIA25662:
Ingenuity's Hazard Avoidance Capability
Full Resolution:     TIFF (754.7 kB)     JPEG (25.7 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2022-12-15 Mars Mars 2020 Rover
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This map shows the planned route NASA's Perseverance Mars rover will take across the top of Jezero Crater's delta in 2023. The rover's planned route is in black while the ground it already covered is in white.
PIA25673:
Map of Perseverance's Delta Top Campaign
Full Resolution:     TIFF (25.26 MB)     JPEG (2.209 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2022-12-15 Mars Mars 2020 Rover
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Shown here is a representation of the 21 sample tubes that have been sealed to date by NASA's Perseverance Mars rover. Red dots indicate the locations where each sample was collected.
PIA25674:
A Map of Perseverance's Samples
Full Resolution:     TIFF (3.011 MB)     JPEG (268.7 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2022-12-15 Mars Mars 2020 Rover
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This map shows where NASA's Perseverance Mars rover will be dropping 10 samples that a future mission could pick up. The orange circles represent areas where a Sample Recovery Helicopter could safely operate to acquire the sample tubes.
PIA25678:
A Map of Perseverance's Depot Samples
Full Resolution:     TIFF (3.896 MB)     JPEG (189.6 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2022-12-21 Mars InSight
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This is one of the last images ever taken by NASA's InSight Mars lander. Captured on Dec. 11, 2022, the 1,436th Martian day, or sol, of the mission, it shows InSight's seismometer on the Red Planet's surface.
PIA25680:
One of InSight's Last Images
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.775 MB)     JPEG (107.5 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2022-12-21 Mars Mars 2020 Rover
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NASA's Perseverance rover deposited the first of several samples onto the Martian surface on Dec. 21, 2022, the 653rd Martian day, or sol, of the mission.
PIA25652:
Perseverance Deposits Its First Sample on the Martian Surface
Full Resolution:     TIFF (5.583 MB)     JPEG (308.9 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-01-30 Mars Mars 2020 Rover
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This map shows where NASA's Perseverance Mars rover dropped each of its 10 samples so that a future mission could pick them up. The sample depot was completed Jan. 28, 2023.
PIA25682:
Perseverance's Three Forks Sample Depot Map
Full Resolution:     TIFF (1.551 MB)     JPEG (84.36 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-02-02 Mars Mars Helicopter
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NASA's Perseverance Mars rover captured the agency's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter in the distance, near the base of Jezero Crater's river delta, in this image taken Dec. 18, 2022.
PIA25683:
Mars Helicopter at Three Forks
Full Resolution:     TIFF (5.015 MB)     JPEG (314.2 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-03-23 Mars Mars Helicopter
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This animation shows the progress of Perseverance Mars Rover and Ingenuity Mars Helicopter as they make their way up the Jezero river delta. The Mars Helicopter's route is depicted in green. The rover's progress is depicted in orange.
PIA25687:
Ingenuity and Perseverance Make Tracks
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.026 MB)     JPEG (123.9 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-03-30 Mars Mars Sample Return (MSR)
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This illustration shows the proposed process for recovering Mars samples gathered by NASA's Perseverance Mars rover after they are returned to Earth as part of the joint NASA/ESA Mars Sample Return Campaign.
PIA25857:
Mars Samples: Proposed Containment and Transport
Full Resolution:     TIFF (52.28 MB)     JPEG (3.525 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-04-06 Mars Mars Sample Return (MSR)
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This illustration shows the Earth Return Orbiter (ERO), one of the flight missions making up the Mars Sample Return campaign to bring martian rock and atmospheric samples back to Earth.
PIA25891:
Artist's concept of the Earth Return Orbiter over Mars
Full Resolution:     TIFF (7.889 MB)     JPEG (257.2 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-04-06 Mars Mars Sample Return (MSR)
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This illustration shows the European Space Agency's (ESA) Earth Return Orbiter (ERO), the biggest spacecraft to ever orbit Mars.
PIA25892:
Earth Return Orbiter Infographic
Full Resolution:     TIFF (7.031 MB)     JPEG (1.048 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-04-06 Mars Mars Sample Return (MSR)
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This illustration shows the Earth Return Orbiter (ERO), one of the flight missions making up the Mars Sample Return campaign to bring martian rock and atmospheric samples back to Earth.
PIA25893:
Artist's Concept of Earth Return Orbiter Releasing Capsule containing Martian Samples
Full Resolution:     TIFF (4.746 MB)     JPEG (175.3 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-04-06 Mars Mars Sample Return (MSR)
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This artist's concept shows the proposed Capture, Containment, and Return System, a NASA payload on the European Space Agency's Earth Return Orbiter.
PIA25894:
Artist's concept of the Capture, Containment, and Return System
Full Resolution:     TIFF (6.158 MB)     JPEG (221.5 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-04-19 Mars Mars Helicopter
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Members of NASA's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter team got together for a team photo on the second anniversary of the rotorcraft's first flight on Mars.
PIA25882:
Ingenuity Team Celebrates Two Years of Mars Flight
Full Resolution:     TIFF (90.84 MB)     JPEG (4.682 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-04-20 Mars Mars Sample Return (MSR)
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This illustration shows the proposed Capture, Containment, and Return System, a NASA payload on the European Space Agency's Earth Return Orbiter.
PIA25860:
Illustration of the Capture, Containment, and Return System for Mars Sample Return
Full Resolution:     TIFF (12.9 MB)     JPEG (323.7 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-04-20 Mars Mars Helicopter
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This image of NASA's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter at Airfield Mu was taken by the Mastcam-Z instrument aboard Perseverance on April 14, 2023.
PIA25883:
Ingenuity at 'Airfield Mu'
Full Resolution:     TIFF (5.419 MB)     JPEG (322.1 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-04-24 Mars Mars Helicopter
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This image of NASA's Perseverance Mars rover at the rim of Belva Crater was taken by the agency's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter during the rotorcraft's 51st flight on April 22, 2023.
PIA25884:
Ingenuity Captures Perseverance at Belva Crater
Full Resolution:     TIFF (39.41 MB)     JPEG (3.234 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-04-24 Mars InSight
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This artist's concept shows a cutaway of Mars, along with the paths of seismic waves from two separate quakes in 2021. Detected by NASA's InSight mission, these seismic waves were the first ever identified to enter another planet's core.
PIA25827:
InSight Detects Quakes That Entered Martian Core (Artist's Concept)
Full Resolution:     TIFF (4.052 MB)     JPEG (188.3 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-05-26 Mars Mars Helicopter
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This color-enhanced image of the Castell Henllys region in Jezero Crater was taken by NASA's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter during the rotorcraft's 48th flight on March 21, 2023.
PIA25890:
'Castell Henllys' From Above
Full Resolution:     TIFF (39.41 MB)     JPEG (3.102 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-05-26 Mars Mars Helicopter
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This map shows the locations of NASA's Perseverance Mars rover and its Ingenuity Mars Helicopter in the sols (Martian days) leading up to the helicopter's 50th flight.
PIA25961:
Leading Up to Flight 50
Full Resolution:     TIFF (5.493 MB)     JPEG (302.7 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-06-08 Mars Mars 2020 Rover
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This map shows various quadrant themes in the vicinity of NASA's Perseverance Mars rover, which is currently in the Rocky Mountain quadrant. The rover team chose quadrant themes related to various national parks across Earth.
PIA25913:
Perseverance's Quadrant Themes
Full Resolution:     TIFF (422.3 MB)     JPEG (24.42 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-06-08 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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This map shows all the quadrant themes for NASA's Curiosity Mars rover, which is currently in the Roraima quadrant. The red oval indicates the landing ellipse where the rover was targeted to touch down in 2012.
PIA25914:
Curiosity's Quadrant Themes
Full Resolution:     TIFF (147.4 MB)     JPEG (15.53 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-06-30 Mars Mars Helicopter
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NASA's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter is seen in shadow in an image captured by its navigation camera during the rotorcraft's 52nd flight on April 26, 2023. This image was finally received after Perseverance and Ingenuity were out of communication for 63 days.
PIA25918:
Ingenuity Before Flight 52's Landing
Full Resolution:     TIFF (283.2 kB)     JPEG (24.64 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-07-19 Mars Mars 2020 Rover
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NASA's Perseverance captured this image of a sample it cored on June 12. The core shows distinctly colored areas that are individual minerals transported by a river that once flowed into Jezero Crater.
PIA25962:
Perseverance's 'Otis Peak' Sample Reveals Colors of Conglomerate
Full Resolution:     TIFF (3.631 MB)     JPEG (225.8 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-08-07 Mars Mars Helicopter
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This image of NASA's Perseverance Mars rover was taken at an altitude of about 16 feet (5 meters) by the Ingenuity Mars Helicopter during its 54th flight on Aug. 3, 2023.
PIA25969:
Perseverance Seen From Above During Flight 54
Full Resolution:     TIFF (39.41 MB)     JPEG (3.087 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-08-10 Mars Mars Sample Return (MSR)
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Engineer Abel Dizon explains how drop tests are conducted for a prototype lander being designed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory for the Mars Sample Return campaign.
PIA25822:
Testing a Prototype Mars Lander
Full Resolution:     TIFF (20.42 MB)     JPEG (665 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-08-10 Mars Mars Sample Return (MSR)
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Morgan Montalvo, another JPL engineer, sets guardrails on the floor below the prototype in a test of a scenario where the lander would stub a toe against a rock while touching down on Mars.
PIA25823:
Setting Guardrails for Mars Lander Testing
Full Resolution:     TIFF (5.194 MB)     JPEG (249.2 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-08-10 Mars Mars Sample Return (MSR)
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This setup is being used at JPL to test a 16-inch-diameter (40-centimeter-diameter) footpad for a future Mars lander.
PIA25824:
A Full-Size Footpad Test
Full Resolution:     TIFF (4.517 MB)     JPEG (191.2 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-08-10 Mars Mars Sample Return (MSR)
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JPL engineer Patrick DeGrosse reviews data from a drop test of a full-size lander footpad with a group of fellow engineers.
PIA25826:
Going Over the Footpad Test Data
Full Resolution:     TIFF (4.761 MB)     JPEG (161.3 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-09-18 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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NASA's Curiosity Mars rover is depicted in this 3D rendering of Gediz Vallis Ridge that was created using science data and imagery captured from space by the agency's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.
PIA26020:
Rendering Depicts Curiosity at Gediz Vallis Ridge
Full Resolution:     TIFF (16.36 MB)     JPEG (960.6 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-09-18 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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The route NASA's Curiosity Mars rover has taken while driving through the lower part of Mount Sharp is shown as a pale line here. Different parts of the mountain are labeled by color.
PIA26042:
Curiosity's Path to Gediz Vallis Ridge and Beyond
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.571 MB)     JPEG (183.2 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-09-21 Mars Mars 2020 Rover
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Made with data recorded by NASA's Perseverance during a July 15, 2023 autonomous drive, this animation shows how the rover used AutoNav to maneuver around the 14-inch (35-centimeter) rock at center-left.
PIA26073:
Perseverance AutoNav Avoids a Boulder
Full Resolution:     TIFF (1.778 MB)     JPEG (195.1 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-10-26 Mars 2221x1288x3
The blue areas on this map of Mars are regions where NASA missions have detected subsurface water ice. Scientists can use the map to decide where the first astronauts to set foot on the Red Planet should land.
PIA26045:
SWIM Map Shows Subsurface Water Ice on Mars
Full Resolution:     TIFF (6.232 MB)     JPEG (404 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-10-26 Mars 2852x1169x3
These Mars global maps show the likely distribution of water ice buried within the upper 3 feet (1 meter) of the planet's surface and represent the latest data from the SWIM project.
PIA26046:
Distribution of Buried Ice on Mars
Full Resolution:     TIFF (3.622 MB)     JPEG (582.8 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-11-10 Mars Mars Helicopter
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NASA's Ingenuity Mars helicopter captured this view of its footprints during Flight 66 on Nov. 3, 2023. The helicopter was being repositioned to the spot where it will spend several weeks during Mars solar conjunction.
PIA26049:
Ingenuity Views Its Footprints on Flight 66
Full Resolution:     TIFF (39.41 MB)     JPEG (2.814 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-11-10 Mars Mars Helicopter
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NASA's Ingenuity helicopter captured this view on Nov. 3, 2023, of its parking spot during Mars solar conjunction – a period when the Sun is between Earth and Mars, limiting communications.
PIA26050:
Ingenuity's View of Sand Going Into Conjunction
Full Resolution:     TIFF (39.41 MB)     JPEG (2.59 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-11-10 Mars Mars Helicopter
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NASA's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter captured this view of Martian sand ripples on Oct. 27, 2023. The spot where the helicopter would later park and remain during Mars solar conjunction is visible in this image.
PIA26201:
Ingenuity's Landing Spot During Mars Solar Conjunction
Full Resolution:     TIFF (39.41 MB)     JPEG (2.845 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-12-12 Mars Mars 2020 Rover
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This animated artist's concept depicts water breaking through the rim of Mars' Jezero Crater, which NASA's Perseverance rover is now exploring. Water entered the crater billions of years ago, forming a lake before the Red Planet dried up.
PIA26207:
Water Enters Jezero Crater Billions of Years Ago (Artist's Concept)
Full Resolution:     TIFF (3.389 MB)     JPEG (145.7 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2023-12-20 Mars Mars Helicopter
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This image shows a test flight of a full-scale prototype of the Ingenuity Mars Helicopter.
PIA26233:
First Controlled Flight of Mars Helicopter Prototype
Full Resolution:     TIFF (5.486 MB)     JPEG (261 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2024-01-25 Mars Mars Helicopter
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NASA's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter captured this view of sand ripples during its 70th flight, on Dec. 22, 2023. The smooth terrain proved difficult for the helicopter's navigation system to track, resulting in a rough landing.
PIA26242:
Ingenuity's View of Sand Ripples During Flight 70
Full Resolution:     TIFF (39.41 MB)     JPEG (2.716 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2024-01-25 Mars Mars Helicopter
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NASA's After its 72nd flight on Jan. 18, 2024, NASA's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter captured this color image showing the shadow of one of its rotor blades, which was damaged during touchdown.
PIA26243:
Ingenuity Spots the Shadow of Its Damaged Rotor Blade
Full Resolution:     TIFF (39.41 MB)     JPEG (2.898 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2024-02-27 Mars Mars Helicopter
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NASA's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter captured this video showing the shadows of its rotor blades turning on Feb. 11, 2024. Engineers planned the video to get more information about damage that was sustained during the helicopter's 72nd flight on Jan. 18, 2024
PIA26244:
Ingenuity's Navcam Reveals a Missing Rotor Blade
Full Resolution:     TIFF (176.6 kB)     JPEG (36.83 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2024-03-29 Mars Mars Helicopter
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This animation shows a simulation of the response of NASA's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter to the Sys-ID process. Sys-ID is a method for understanding the behavior of a system by studying how specific inputs impact the motion of the vehicle.
PIA26240:
Animation of Mars Helicopter Flight Test
Full Resolution:     TIFF (104.3 kB)     JPEG (9.195 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2024-03-29 Mars Mars Helicopter
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This map shows the locations of NASA's Perseverance rover (white star) and Ingenuity Mars Helicopter (cyan star) on Dec. 19, 2023.
PIA26311:
Rover, Helicopter Locations in Jezero Crater
Full Resolution:     TIFF (27.01 MB)     JPEG (1.883 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2024-04-03 Mars Mars 2020 Rover
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Perseverance's CacheCam captured this image of the rover's latest cored sample – taken from an intriguing rock called Bunsen Peak – on March 12, 2024.
PIA26313:
Perseverance's 'Bunsen Peak' Sample
Full Resolution:     TIFF (3.631 MB)     JPEG (261.1 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2024-04-16 Mars Mars Helicopter
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Engineers working on NASA's Ingenuity together monitored a transmission from the history-making helicopter in a JPL control room on April 16, 2024.
PIA26318:
Mars Helicopter Team Witnesses Final Downlink
Full Resolution:     TIFF (119 MB)     JPEG (8.659 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2024-04-17 Mars Mars Helicopter
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Ingenuity team lead Josh Anderson and project manager Teddy Tzanetos react during the final shift for engineers working on NASA's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter at the agency's Jet Propulsion Laboratory on April 16, 2024.
PIA26315:
Ingenuity Team Lead All Smiles
Full Resolution:     TIFF (126.8 MB)     JPEG (8.698 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2024-04-17 Mars Mars Helicopter
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Teddy Tzanetos, project manager for NASA's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter, addresses members of the team during their final shift at the agency's Jet Propulsion Laboratory on April 16, 2024.
PIA26316:
Ingenuity Project Manager Says Goodbye
Full Resolution:     TIFF (99.36 MB)     JPEG (6.555 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2024-04-17 Mars Mars Helicopter
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Ingenuity team lead Josh Anderson celebrates with Perseverance rover deputy project manager Steve Lee during the final shift for engineers working on NASA's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter at the agency's Jet Propulsion Laboratory on April 16, 2024.
PIA26317:
Ingenuity Fist Bump
Full Resolution:     TIFF (118.6 MB)     JPEG (8.06 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2024-04-17 Mars Mars Helicopter
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The Ingenuity team celebrates during their final shift working on NASA's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter at the agency's Jet Propulsion Laboratory on April 16, 2024.
PIA26319:
Ingenuity Team's Final Shift
Full Resolution:     TIFF (132.5 MB)     JPEG (8.841 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2024-12-11 Mars Mars Helicopter
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This graphic depicts the most likely scenario for the hard landing of NASA's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter during its 72nd and final flight on Jan. 18, 2024.
PIA26482:
Ingenuity's Hard Landing
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.415 MB)     JPEG (221.8 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2024-12-11 Mars 5000x3026x3
NASA's Mars Chopper concept, shown in a design software rendering, is a more capable proposed follow-on to the agency's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter.
PIA26375:
NASA's Mars Chopper Concept (Rendering)
Full Resolution:     TIFF (4.595 MB)     JPEG (679 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2024-12-12 Mars Mars 2020 Rover
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This graph shows the relative elevation of various sampling sites visited by NASA's Perseverance Mars rover.
PIA26476:
Jezero Crater Elevation Graph
Full Resolution:     TIFF (443.8 kB)     JPEG (99.16 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2024-12-12 Mars Mars 2020 Rover
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This animation captured from NASA's rover driving software depicts the agency's Perseverance during a slippery drive as it ascends toward the rim of Mars' Jezero Crater on Oct. 16, 2024.
PIA26514:
View of Rover Driving Software During a Slippery Drive
Full Resolution:     TIFF (4.863 MB)     JPEG (200 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2003-09-25 Mars Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)
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NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, depicted above Mars in this artist's concept illustration, began orbiting Mars on March 10, 2006. It carries three cameras, a ground-penetrating radar, a mineral-mapping spectrometer and a sounding instrument.
PIA04758:
Artist's Concept of Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
Full Resolution:     TIFF (15.99 MB)     JPEG (856.5 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2003-10-22 Mars Mars Express (MEX)
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The European Space Agency's Mars Express spacecraft is depicted in orbit around Mars in this artist's concept illustration.
PIA04802:
Mars Express, Artist's Concept
Full Resolution:     TIFF (36.95 MB)     JPEG (1.494 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2004-02-09 Mars Mars Global Surveyor (MGS)
Mars Exploration Rover (MER)
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A computer graphics model of NASA's Opportunity lander and rover are super-imposed on top of the martian terrain where Opportunity landed.
PIA05231:
Top View of a Computer Graphic Model of the Opportunity Lander and Rover
Full Resolution:     TIFF (12.76 MB)     JPEG (723 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2012-08-06 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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The green diamond shows approximately where NASA's Curiosity rover landed on Mars, a region about 2 kilometers northeast of its target in the center of the estimated landing region (blue ellipse).
PIA15981:
Where Curiosity Landed on Mars
Full Resolution:     TIFF (5.672 MB)     JPEG (148.8 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2012-08-06 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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This labeled version of one of the first images taken by a rear Hazard-Avoidance camera on NASA's Curiosity rover shows a fin on the radioisotope thermoelectric generator, the rear left wheel and a spring that released the dust cover.
PIA15982:
Curiosity's Rear View, Annotated
Full Resolution:     TIFF (583 kB)     JPEG (80.5 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2004-01-20 Mars Mars Exploration Rover (MER)
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NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit the variety of elements present in the soil at the rover's landing site. Iron and silicon make up the majority of the martian soil. Sulfur and chlorine were also observed as expected.
PIA05114:
A Rainbow of Martian Elements
Full Resolution:     TIFF (199.9 kB)     JPEG (35.97 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2004-02-19 Mars Mars Exploration Rover (MER)
 Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer
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This screenshot from a computer-generated animation shows NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity's arm exploring the trench dug by one of its wheels. The rover's arm is designed to examine rocks and soil for signs of past water on Mars.
PIA05322:
Grooving in Trenchtown (computer animation)
Full Resolution:     TIFF (1.137 MB)     JPEG (77.74 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2004-03-02 Mars Mars Exploration Rover (MER)
 Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer
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These plots, or spectra, show that a rock dubbed 'McKittrick' near NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity's landing site at Meridiani Planum, Mars, has higher concentrations of sulfur and bromine than a nearby patch of soil nicknamed 'Tarmac.'
PIA05467:
History Leaves Salts Behind
Full Resolution:     TIFF (600.3 kB)     JPEG (143.3 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2004-04-01 Mars Mars Exploration Rover (MER)
 Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer
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This graph shows the relative concentrations of bromine and chlorine at various locations on Earth and Mars. Typically, bromine and chlorine stick together in a fixed ratio, as in martian meteorites and Earth seawater.
PIA05676:
Bromine and Chlorine Go Separate Ways
Full Resolution:     TIFF (230.8 kB)     JPEG (39.8 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2004-04-14 Mars Mars Exploration Rover (MER)
 Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer
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These two sets of bar graphs compare the elemental compositions of martian rocks 'Bounce,' located at Meridiani Planum; EETA79001-B, a martian meteorite found in Antarctica; a rock found at the Mars Pathfinder landing site; Shergotty, a martian meteorite.
PIA05752:
'Bounce' and Martian Meteorite of the Same Mold
Full Resolution:     TIFF (302.2 kB)     JPEG (52.31 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2004-06-08 Mars Mars Exploration Rover (MER)
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Spirit Sees Salty Soil
PIA06043:
Spirit Sees Salty Soil
Full Resolution:     TIFF (3.09 MB)     JPEG (813.4 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2004-07-16 Mars Mars Exploration Rover (MER)
 Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer
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This plot shows that levels of the element chlorine rise dramatically in the deeper rocks lining the walls of the crater dubbed 'Endurance' on Mars. The data shown here were taken by NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity.
PIA06683:
Chlorine Clues
Full Resolution:     TIFF (271.6 kB)     JPEG (30.27 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2011-09-01 Mars Mars Exploration Rover (MER)
 Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer
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This graphic presents information gained by examining part of the Martian rock called 'Tisdale 2' with the alpha particle X-ray spectrometer onboard NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity. Found were elevated zinc and bromine in the rock.
PIA14747:
Elevated Zinc and Bromine in Rock on Endeavour Rim
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Add Image to Favorite List 2014-09-11 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer
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Data from the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) instrument on NASA's Mars rover Curiosity show an unusual enrichment of silicon in the rocks dubbed 'Wildrose' and 'Bonanza King,' relative to other rocks studied at Gale Crater on Mars.
PIA18479:
Martian Rocks Rich in Silicon
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Add Image to Favorite List 2015-12-17 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer
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The yellow triangles on this graph indicate concentrations of the elements titanium and silicon in selected rock targets with high silica content analyzed by the APXS instrument on NASA's Curiosity rover in Mars' Gale Crater.
PIA20274:
Silicon and Titanium Correlation in Selected Rocks at Gale Crater, Mars
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Add Image to Favorite List 2015-12-17 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer
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NASA's Curiosity Mars rover examined both the 'Greenhorn' and 'Big Sky' targets with the rover's Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) instrument.
PIA20275:
'Big Sky' and 'Greenhorn' Elemental Comparison
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Add Image to Favorite List 2015-12-17 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer
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This graph shows the ratio of concentrations of several elements in four different pairs of targets examined by Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) instruments on NASA Mars rovers Curiosity and Spirit.
PIA20276:
Alteration Effects at Gale and Gusev Craters
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Add Image to Favorite List 2012-12-03 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (MSL)
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This graph compares the elemental composition of typical soils at three landing regions on Mars: Gusev Crater, from Spirit; Meridiani Planum, from Opportunity; and now Gale Crater, where NASA's newest Curiosity rover is currently investigating.
PIA16572:
Inspecting Soils Across Mars
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Add Image to Favorite List 2013-03-18 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (MSL)
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This graphic presents results from APXS onboard NASA's rover Curiosity, with the comparisons simplified across diverse elements by dividing the amount of each element measured in the rocks by the amount of the same element in a local soil.
PIA16791:
Elemental Compositions of 'Yellowknife Bay' Rocks
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Add Image to Favorite List 2012-09-12 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (MSL)
Mastcam
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This image shows the Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) on NASA's Curiosity rover, with the Martian landscape in the background. This image let researchers know that the APXS instrument had not become caked with dust during Curiosity's landing.
PIA16160:
Portrait of APXS on Mars
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Add Image to Favorite List 2004-03-13 Mars Mars Exploration Rover (MER)
 Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer
Microscopic Imager
Moessbauer Spectrometer
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This image from NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity shows 'blueberries' discovered on Mars. They are spherules that are the abundant spherical hematite inclusions.
PIA05564:
Finding the 'Blueberry' Muffin Recipe
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Add Image to Favorite List 2005-01-03 Mars Mars Exploration Rover (MER)
 Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer
Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer
Panoramic Camera
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Spirit View of 'Wishstone' (False Color)
PIA07191:
Spirit View of 'Wishstone' (False Color)
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Add Image to Favorite List 2004-02-02 Mars Mars Exploration Rover (MER)
 Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer
Panoramic Camera
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NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity shows the rover's alpha particle X-ray spectrometer (circular device in center), located on its instrument deployment device, or 'arm.'
PIA05196:
X-ray Machine on Mars
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Add Image to Favorite List 2004-08-18 Mars Mars Exploration Rover (MER)
 Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer
Panoramic Camera
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'Clovis' in Color
PIA06772:
'Clovis' in Color
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Add Image to Favorite List 2004-03-02 Mars Mars Exploration Rover (MER)
 Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer
Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT)
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These plots, or spectra, show that a rock dubbed 'McKittrick' near the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity's landing site at Meridiani Planum, Mars, possesses the highest concentration of sulfur yet observed on Mars.
PIA05468:
"McKittrick" Rich in Sulfur
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Add Image to Favorite List 2004-03-02 Mars Mars Exploration Rover (MER)
 Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer
Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT)
 1920x1080x3
These plots, or spectra, show that a rock dubbed 'McKittrick' near NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity's landing site at Meridiani Planum, Mars, has higher concentrations of sulfur and bromine than a nearby patch of soil nicknamed 'Tarmac.'
PIA05469:
Salty Martian Rock
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Add Image to Favorite List 2004-03-02 Mars Mars Exploration Rover (MER)
 Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer
Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT)
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This graph shows the relative abundances of sulfur (in the form of sulfur tri-oxide) and chlorine at three Meridiani Planum sites: soil measured in the small crater where NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity landedin 2004.
PIA05483:
A Trail of Salts
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Add Image to Favorite List 2004-04-01 Mars Mars Exploration Rover (MER)
 Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer
Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT)
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This graph shows the chemical composition of the rock at Gusev Crater dubbed 'Mazatzal' after it was brushed and ground by NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit's rock abrasion tool.
PIA05674:
Outer Appearances Can Be Deceiving
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Add Image to Favorite List 2004-04-01 Mars Mars Exploration Rover (MER)
 Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer
Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT)
 720x540x3
This graph shows the chemical composition of the rock at Gusev Crater dubbed 'Mazatzal' after it was brushed and ground by NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit's rock abrasion tool.
PIA05675:
What's on the Inside Counts
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Add Image to Favorite List 2010-12-16 Mars Mars Express (MEX)
Mars Global Surveyor (MGS)
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)
 Altimeter
CRISM
Visible and Infrared Mineralogical Mapping Spectrometer
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On this map of Mars, spectrometers on spacecraft orbiting Mars have detected clay minerals (green) and hydrated minerals-- clays, sulfates and others (blue).
PIA13703:
Regions of Mars with Clays and Hydrated Minerals Identified from Orbit
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Add Image to Favorite List 1997-08-15 Mars Mars Pathfinder (MPF)
 Atmospheric Structure / Meteorology Instrument
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This figure shows the variation with time of pressure (dots) measured by NASA's Pathfinder MET instrument during the landing period . The two diamonds indicate the times of bridal cutting and 1st impact. Sol 1 began on July 4, 1997.
PIA00798:
Atmospheric Pressure During Landing
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Add Image to Favorite List 1997-08-15 Mars Mars Pathfinder (MPF)
 Atmospheric Structure / Meteorology Instrument
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This figure shows the signature of a dust devil that passed over NASA's Pathfinder Lander on Sol 25. Since then we have seen several similar features. Sol 1 began on July 4, 1997.
PIA00900:
Dust Devil - Sol 25
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Add Image to Favorite List 1997-09-28 Mars Mars Pathfinder (MPF)
 Atmospheric Structure / Meteorology Instrument
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This figure compares the most recent temperature profile derived from NASA's Pathfinder ASI accelerometer data during entry, with the Viking 1 entry profile. The nominal profile is given by the solid red line. Sol 1 began on July 4, 1997.
PIA00926:
Temperature Profile from Pathfinder Atmospheric Structure Instrument
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Add Image to Favorite List 1997-10-14 Mars Mars Pathfinder (MPF)
 Atmospheric Structure / Meteorology Instrument
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NASA's Mars Pathfinder Lander measured surface pressure during its 83 days on Mars in 1997.
PIA00976:
MPF Lander Measured Surface Pressure
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Add Image to Favorite List 1997-10-14 Mars Mars Pathfinder (MPF)
 Atmospheric Structure / Meteorology Instrument
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In this figure from NASA's Mars Pathfinder, you can see a significant increase in pressure on Sol 81, Sept. 25 1997. This is an indication of a frontal system has moved across the landing sight.
PIA00977:
MPF Lander Measured Surface Pressure
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Add Image to Favorite List 1997-10-14 Mars Mars Pathfinder (MPF)
 Atmospheric Structure / Meteorology Instrument
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This temperature figure shows the change in the mean and variance of the temperature fluctuations at NASA's Mars Pathfinder landing site. The science team suspects that a cold front has past of the landing sight between Sols 80 and 81, Sept. 25 & 26, 1997
PIA00978:
MPF Top-Mast Measured Temperature
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Add Image to Favorite List 1996-12-12 Mars Viking
 Camera 1
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The letter 'B' or perhaps the figure '8' appears to have been etched into the Mars rock at the left edge of this picture taken by NASA's Viking 1 Lander. It is believed to be an illusion caused by weathering processes and the angle of the sun.
PIA00386:
Example of Weathering And Sun Angle
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Add Image to Favorite List 1996-12-12 Mars Viking
 Camera 1
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This Mars view looks northeast from NASA's Viking 1 and completes the 360 panorama of the landing site. A layer of haze can be seen in the Martian sky. Large dark boulders dominate the scene.
PIA00387:
Northeast View from Viking Landing Site
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Add Image to Favorite List 1996-12-12 Mars Viking
 Camera 1
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The flag of the United States stands on the surface of Mars. It is mounted on the housing of NASA's Viking 1's nuclear power system. Also seen are the U.S. Bicentennial symbol and a student-designed Viking emblem.
PIA00388:
The United States Flag Stands On The Surface Of Mars
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Add Image to Favorite List 1996-12-12 Mars Viking
 Camera 1
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This image from NASA's Viking 1 shows the trench excavated by its surface sampler.
PIA00389:
Trench Excavated By Viking 1 Surface Sampler
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Add Image to Favorite List 1996-12-12 Mars Viking
 Camera 1
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One of NASA's Viking 1's three feet, which should be visible in this view, lies buried beneath a cover of loose Martian soil.
PIA00390:
Viking Lander's Buried Footpad #3
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Add Image to Favorite List 1996-12-30 Mars Viking
 Camera 1
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Sand dunes and large rocks are revealed in this panorama picture of Mars, the first photograph taken by NASA's Viking 1's Camera 1 on July 23, 1976. The horizon is approximately 3 kilometers (2 miles) away.
PIA00391:
Sand Dunes And Large Rocks Revealed By Camera 1
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Add Image to Favorite List 1996-12-12 Mars Viking
 Camera 1
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Those Martian weather reports, received here daily from more than 200 million miles away, start right here at NASA's Viking 1's meteorology instrument. Mounted atop the extended boom, the meteorology sensors face away from the spacecraft.
PIA00392:
The Meteorology Instrument on Viking Lander 1
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Add Image to Favorite List 1996-12-30 Mars Viking
 Camera 1
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This spectacular picture of the Martian landscape by NASA's Viking 1 Lander shows a dune field with features remarkably similar to many seen in the deserts of Earth.
PIA00393:
Martian Dune Field
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