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Gallery: Spacecraft and Technology
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List		 Addition Date TargetSort Ascending Mission Instrument Size
Add Image to Favorite List 2005-11-21 Mars Mars Exploration Rover (MER)
 Panoramic Camera
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This synthetic image of NASA's Spirit Mars Exploration Rover on the flank of 'Husband Hill' was produced using 'Virtual Presence in Space' technology.
PIA03231:
Special-Effects Spirit on Flank of "Husband Hill"
Full Resolution:     TIFF (253.5 MB)     JPEG (4.248 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2005-11-21 Mars Mars Exploration Rover (MER)
 Panoramic Camera
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This synthetic image of NASA's Spirit Mars Exploration Rover on top of a rock called 'Jibsheet' was produced using 'Virtual Presence in Space' technology.
PIA03232:
Special-Effects Spirit Silhouetted on "Jibsheet"
Full Resolution:     TIFF (14.29 MB)     JPEG (106.8 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2006-10-19 Mars Mars Exploration Rover (MER)
 Panoramic Camera
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Synthetic image of the Opportunity Mars Exploration Rover inside 'Endurance Crater' produced using 'Virtual Presence in Space' technology.
PIA03240:
Opportunity Inside 'Endurance Crater' (Simulated)
Full Resolution:     TIFF (9.731 MB)     JPEG (294 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2006-10-19 Mars Mars Exploration Rover (MER)
 Panoramic Camera
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Synthetic image of the Opportunity Mars Exploration Rover inside on 'Burns Cliff' produced using 'Virtual Presence in Space' technology.
PIA03241:
Opportunity on 'Burns Cliff' (Simulated)
Full Resolution:     TIFF (155.8 MB)     JPEG (7.007 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2007-06-28 Mars Mars Exploration Rover (MER)
 Panoramic Camera
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This frame from an animation shows a simulated rover descending into Victoria Crater via the rock-paved slopes of an alcove informally named 'Duck Bay.'
PIA09688:
Rolling into Victoria Crater (Simulation) Animation Icon
Full Resolution:     TIFF (694.1 kB)     JPEG (31.33 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2008-05-24 Mars Phoenix
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This artist's concept shows NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander adjusting its course to Mars, an event called a trajectory correction maneuver.
PIA10678:
How to Correct a Trajectory (Artist's Concept) Animation Icon
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.762 MB)     JPEG (76.79 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2008-05-29 Mars Phoenix
 Surface Stereo Imager (SSI)
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This image from NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander of the Canadian-built meteorological station's lidar, which was successfully activated on Sol 2 by first opening its dust cover, then emitting rapid pulses of light.
PIA10727:
Phoenix Lidar Operation Animation Animation Icon
Full Resolution:     TIFF (1.558 MB)     JPEG (91.62 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2008-08-14 Mars Phoenix
 MECA
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A scientific illustration of the operation of NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander's Atomic Force Microscope, or AFM. The AFM is part of Phoenix's Microscopy, Electrochemistry, and Conductivity Analyzer, or MECA.
PIA11040:
Atomic Force Microscope Operation Animation Icon
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.766 MB)     JPEG (80.77 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2008-08-14 Mars Phoenix
 MECA
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This image shows the eight sharp tips of the NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander's Atomic Force Microscope, or AFM. The AFM is part of Phoenix's Microscopy, Electrochemistry, and Conductivity Analyzer, or MECA.
PIA11041:
Sharp Tips on the Atomic Force Microscope
Full Resolution:     TIFF (6.851 MB)     JPEG (515.7 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2008-12-15 Mars Phoenix
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This graph presents simplified data from overnight measurements by the Thermal and Electrical Conductivity Probe on NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander from noon of the mission's 70th Martian day, or sol, to noon the following sol (Aug. 5 to Aug. 6, 2008).
PIA11711:
Overnight Changes Recorded by Phoenix Conductivity Probe
Full Resolution:     TIFF (3.986 MB)     JPEG (89.88 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2008-12-15 Mars Phoenix
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This map shows a color-coded interpretation of geomorphic units -- categories based on surface textures and contour -- in the region where NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander has studied an arctic Martian plain.
PIA11712:
Geomorphic Map of Region Around Phoenix Mars Lander
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.077 MB)     JPEG (92.3 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2008-12-15 Mars Phoenix
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The Thermal and Electrical Conductivity Probe on NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander detected small and variable amounts of water in the Martian soil.
PIA11713:
Adsorbed Water Illustration
Full Resolution:     TIFF (3.5 MB)     JPEG (127.6 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2008-12-15 Mars Phoenix
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The tilt of Mars' spin axis (obliquity) varies cyclically over hundreds of thousands of years, and affects the sunlight falling on the poles.
PIA11714:
Mars Obliquity Cycle Illustration
Full Resolution:     TIFF (31.1 MB)     JPEG (451.3 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2008-12-15 Mars Phoenix
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This color-coded elevation map of the local terrain on the north side of NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander shows the contours of polygons and relationship of polygon boundaries to trenches and other features in the workspace of the lander's Robotic Arm.
PIA11715:
Contour Map of Mars' Surface Beside Phoenix
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.077 MB)     JPEG (152.7 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2011-04-12 Mars Mariner Mars 1964 (Mariner 4)
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This is an enhanced contrast version of the first Mars photograph released on July 15, 1965. This is man's first close-up photograph of another planet, a photographic representation of digital data radioed from Mars by the Mariner 4 spacecraft.
PIA14032:
First TV Image of Mars
Full Resolution:     TIFF (1.549 MB)     JPEG (260.9 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2011-04-12 Mars Mariner Mars 1964 (Mariner 4)
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A 'real-time data translator' machine converted Mariner 4 digital image data into numbers printed on strips of paper.
PIA14033:
First TV Image of Mars (Hand Colored)
Full Resolution:     TIFF (441.1 MB)     JPEG (18.49 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2011-11-21 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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Modern-day Mars experiences cyclical changes in climate and, consequently, ice distribution. Unlike Earth, the obliquity (or tilt) of Mars changes substantially on timescales of hundreds of thousands to millions of years.
PIA15095:
Changes in Tilt of Mars' Axis
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.153 MB)     JPEG (27.73 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2012-08-03 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 MAHLI
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This frame from a video shows an engineering test for NASA's Curiosity rover. During the test, the clear dust covers on the Hazard-Avoidance cameras were popped off.
PIA15961:
Popping the Lid off Curiosity's Hazard Cameras Animation Icon
Full Resolution:     TIFF (458.3 kB)     JPEG (49.74 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2012-08-04 Mars Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)
Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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This frame from an animation shows NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter flying over NASA's Curiosity (shown in pink) as the rover lands on the Red Planet.
PIA15964:
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Flying Over Mars Animation Icon
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.293 MB)     JPEG (68.13 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2012-08-04 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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This artist's concept shows how NASA's Curiosity rover will communicate with Earth via two of NASA's Mars orbiters, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Odyssey.
PIA15965:
Communicating with Curiosity (Artist's Concept) Animation Icon
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.76 MB)     JPEG (83.23 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2012-08-04 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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This artist's concept shows how NASA how orbiters over Mars will monitor the landing of NASA's Curiosity rover as it speeds towards its Martian landing site in Gale Crater.
PIA15966:
Great Convergence of Spacecraft around Mars Animation Icon
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.754 MB)     JPEG (94.02 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2012-08-04 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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This artist's concept depicts how NASA's Curiosity rover will communicate with Earth during landing. As the rover descends to Mars, it will send out basic radio-frequency tones that go directly to Earth.
PIA15967:
Curiosity Speaks (Artist's Concept) Animation Icon
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.742 MB)     JPEG (66.63 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2012-08-05 Mars Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)
Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 MARCI
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This global map of Mars was acquired on Aug. 4, 2012, by the Mars Color Imager instrument on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter to forecast weather conditions for the entry, descent and landing of NASA's Curiosity rover.
PIA15968:
Mars Weather Map, Aug. 4, 2012
Full Resolution:     TIFF (17.77 MB)     JPEG (485.6 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2012-08-08 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 RAD
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Like a human working in a radiation environment, NASA's Curiosity rover carries its own version of a dosimeter to measure radiation from outer space and the sun. This graphic shows the flux of radiation detected the rover's Radiation Assessment Detector.
PIA16020:
Curiosity's First Radiation Measurements on Mars
Full Resolution:     TIFF (3.137 MB)     JPEG (95.7 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2012-08-08 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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This is a close-up view of the zones where the soil at Curiosity's landing site was blown away by the thrusters on the rover's descent stage. The excavation of the soil reveals probable bedrock outcrop.
PIA16025:
Rocket Thrusters Expose Bedrock
Full Resolution:     TIFF (922.8 kB)     JPEG (111.5 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2012-08-17 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 ChemCam
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This image shows the calibration target for the Chemistry and Camera instrument on NASA's Curiosity rover before it was installed on the rover and readied for launch.
PIA16070:
Pre-Launch Calibration Target for ChemCam
Full Resolution:     TIFF (6.434 MB)     JPEG (143.5 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2012-08-17 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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This mosaic shows the calibration target for the Chemistry and Camera (ChemCam) instrument on NASA's Curiosity rover, as seen by the ChemCam's remote micro-imager. The 10 images incorporated in this mosaic were taken on Aug. 15.
PIA16071:
Checking out ChemCam's View
Full Resolution:     TIFF (11.55 MB)     JPEG (466.7 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2012-08-21 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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This graph shows readings for atmospheric pressure at the landing site of NASA's Curiosity rover. The data were obtained by Curiosity's Rover Environmental Monitoring Station from Aug. 15 to Aug. 18, 2012.
PIA16080:
First Pressure Readings on Mars
Full Resolution:     TIFF (3.274 MB)     JPEG (98.91 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2012-08-21 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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This graph shows the rise and fall of air and ground temperatures on Mars obtained by NASA's Curiosity rover.
PIA16081:
Taking Mars' Temperature
Full Resolution:     TIFF (3.274 MB)     JPEG (89.58 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2012-09-06 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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This engineering drawing shows the location of the arm on NASA's Curiosity rover, in addition to the arm's turret, which holds two instruments and three tools. The arm places and holds turret-mounted tools on rock and soil targets.
PIA16144:
Curiosity's Robotic Arm
Full Resolution:     TIFF (4.027 MB)     JPEG (169 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2012-09-06 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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This engineering drawing shows the five devices that make up the turret at the end of the arm on NASA's Curiosity rover. These include: the drill for acquiring powdered samples from interiors of rocks.
PIA16145:
Tools at Curiosity's 'Fingertips'
Full Resolution:     TIFF (4.027 MB)     JPEG (192.1 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2012-09-06 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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This engineering drawing shows various components needed to support tools at the end of the arm on NASA's Curiosity rover, including: calibration targets for helping instruments set their baseline levels.
PIA16146:
Curiosity's Work Bench
Full Resolution:     TIFF (4.027 MB)     JPEG (223.4 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2012-09-06 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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This engineering drawing shows the arm on NASA's Curiosity's rover in its 'ready-for-action' position, or 'ready out' as engineers say, in addition to the position it assumes to drop off samples.
PIA16147:
Flexing Curiosity's Arm
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.476 MB)     JPEG (116.9 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2012-10-30 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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This graphic shows results of the first analysis of Martian soil by the CheMin experiment on NASA's Curiosity rover. The image reveals the presence of crystalline feldspar, pyroxenes and olivine mixed with some amorphous (non-crystalline) material.
PIA16217:
First X-ray View of Martian Soil
Full Resolution:     TIFF (351.3 kB)     JPEG (157.3 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2012-11-27 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 REMS
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This graph compares a typical daily pattern of changing atmospheric pressure (blue) with the pattern during a regional dust storm hundreds of miles away (red). The data are by the Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS) on NASA's Curiosity rover.
PIA16455:
Atmospheric Pressure Patterns Before and During Dust Storm
Full Resolution:     TIFF (20.24 MB)     JPEG (324.8 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2012-12-03 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (MSL)
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This graph compares the elemental composition of typical soils at three landing regions on Mars: Gusev Crater, from Spirit; Meridiani Planum, from Opportunity; and now Gale Crater, where NASA's newest Curiosity rover is currently investigating.
PIA16572:
Inspecting Soils Across Mars
Full Resolution:     TIFF (5.762 MB)     JPEG (141.9 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2012-12-03 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 SAM
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This plot of data from NASA's Mars rover Curiosity shows the variety of gases that were released from sand grains upon heating in the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument, or SAM.
PIA16573:
Heating Martian Sand Grains
Full Resolution:     TIFF (6.828 MB)     JPEG (240 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2012-12-03 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 SAM
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This plot shows the first-ever look at the deuterium to hydrogen ratio measured from the surface of Mars, as detected by the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument, or SAM, on NASA's Curiosity rover.
PIA16574:
Atmospheric Loss on Mars
Full Resolution:     TIFF (5.762 MB)     JPEG (216.4 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2012-12-03 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 SAM
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NASA's Mars rover Curiosity has detected sulfur, chlorine, and oxygen compounds in fine grains scooped by the rover at a wind drift site called 'Rocknest.' The grains were heated and analyzed using the rover's Sample Analysis at Mars instrument suite.
PIA16575:
Signs of Perchlorates and Sulfur Containing Compounds
Full Resolution:     TIFF (5.762 MB)     JPEG (189.8 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2012-12-03 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 SAM
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The first examinations of Martian soil by the Sample Analysis at Mars, or SAM, instrument on NASA's Mars Curiosity rover show no definitive detection of Martian organic molecules at this point.
PIA16576:
Chlorinated Compounds at 'Rocknest'
Full Resolution:     TIFF (5.762 MB)     JPEG (253.8 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-02-04 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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The shape of the tip of the bit in the drill of NASA's Mars rover Curiosity is apparent in this view recorded by the remote micro-imager in the rover's ChemCam instrument on Mars. Jan. 29, 2012; the bit is about 0.6 inch (1.6 centimeters) wide.
PIA16718:
Drill Bit Tip on Mars Rover Curiosity, Side View
Full Resolution:     TIFF (563.3 kB)     JPEG (32.42 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-02-04 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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This head-on view shows the tip of the drill bit on NASA's Mars rover Curiosity. The view merges two exposures taken by the remote micro-imager in the rover's ChemCam instrument at different focus settings.
PIA16719:
Drill Bit Tip on Mars Rover Curiosity, Head-on View
Full Resolution:     TIFF (563.3 kB)     JPEG (34.13 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-02-20 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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This figure shows the location of CHIMRA on the turret of NASA's Curiosity rover, together with a cutaway view of the device. CHIMRA processes samples from the rover's scoop or drill and delivers them to science instruments.
PIA16691:
Preparing Samples on Mars
Full Resolution:     TIFF (12.29 MB)     JPEG (419.8 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-02-20 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 CHIMRA
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This frame from an animation of NASA's Curiosity rover shows the complicated suite of operations involved in conducting the rover's first rock sample drilling on Mars and transferring the sample to the rover's scoop for inspection.
PIA16730:
Drilling into Mars Animation Icon
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.766 MB)     JPEG (84.51 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-02-20 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 CHIMRA
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These schematic drawings show a top view and a cutaway view of a section of the drill on NASA's Curiosity rover on Mars.
PIA16727:
Views of Curiosity's Drill
Full Resolution:     TIFF (7.319 MB)     JPEG (126.2 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-02-20 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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The development of the Mars rover Curiosity's capabilities for drilling into a rock on Mars required years of development work. Seen here are some of the rocks used in bit development testing and lifespan testing at JPL in 2007.
PIA16732:
Preparation on Earth for Drilling on Mars
Full Resolution:     TIFF (15.05 MB)     JPEG (616.5 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-02-20 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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This frame from a video clip shows moments during a demonstration of drilling into a rock at NASA's JPL, Pasadena, Calif., with a test double of the Mars rover Curiosity. The drill combines hammering and rotation motions of the bit.
PIA16733:
Video Clip of a Rover Rock-Drilling Demonstration at JPL Animation Icon
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.754 MB)     JPEG (165.9 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-03-07 Mars Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)
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This illustration schematically shows where the Shallow Radar instrument on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter detected flood channels that had been buried by lava flows in the Elysium Planitia region of Mars.
PIA16767:
Visualization of Buried Marte Vallis Channels
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.077 MB)     JPEG (74.88 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-03-12 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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An analysis of a drilled rock sample from NASA's Curiosity rover shows the presence of water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide released on heating.
PIA16835:
Major Gases Released from Drilled Samples of the "John Klein" Rock
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.008 MB)     JPEG (79.48 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-03-12 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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NASA's Curiosity rover has detected the simple carbon-containing compounds chloro- and dichloromethane from the powdered rock sample extracted from the 'John Klein' rock on Mars.
PIA16836:
Chlorinated Forms of Methane at "John Klein" Site
Full Resolution:     TIFF (1.824 MB)     JPEG (50.18 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-03-18 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (MSL)
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This graphic presents results from APXS onboard NASA's rover Curiosity, with the comparisons simplified across diverse elements by dividing the amount of each element measured in the rocks by the amount of the same element in a local soil.
PIA16791:
Elemental Compositions of 'Yellowknife Bay' Rocks
Full Resolution:     TIFF (6.663 MB)     JPEG (161.1 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-03-18 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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At different locations on the surface of the same rock, scientists can use the Mast Camera (Mastcam) on NASA's Mars rover Curiosity to measure the amount of reflected light at a series of different wavelengths.
PIA16793:
Indication of Hydration in Veins and Nodules of 'Knorr' in 'Yellowknife Bay'
Full Resolution:     TIFF (21.61 MB)     JPEG (357.3 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-03-18 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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This set of images illustrates the twin cameras of the Mastcam instrument on NASA's Curiosity Mars rover (upper left), the Mastcam calibration target (lower center), and the locations of the cameras and target on the rover.
PIA16798:
Mast Camera and Its Calibration Target on Curiosity Rover
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.979 MB)     JPEG (158 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-03-18 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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The color cameras on NASA's Mars rover Curiosity, including the pair that make up the rover's Mastcam instrument, use the same type of Bayer pattern RGB filter as found in typical commercial color cameras.
PIA16799:
Filters for Color Imaging and for Science
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.979 MB)     JPEG (90.23 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-03-18 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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This chart graphs measurements made by the Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) instrument on NASA's Mars rover Curiosity against the distance the rover has driven, in meters.
PIA16807:
Variations of DAN Measurements Along Curiosity Traverse
Full Resolution:     TIFF (4.668 MB)     JPEG (146.1 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-03-18 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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The Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) instrument on NASA's Mars rover Curiosity detects even very small amounts of water in the ground beneath the rover, primarily water bound into the crystal structure of hydrated minerals.
PIA16808:
Two Types of Modeling of Subsurface Water
Full Resolution:     TIFF (4.668 MB)     JPEG (297.3 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-03-18 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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This set of graphs shows variation in the amount and the depth of water detected beneath NASA's Mars rover Curiosity by use of the rover's Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) instrument at different points the rover has driven.
PIA16809:
Variation in Water Content in Martian Subsurface Along Curiosity's Traverse
Full Resolution:     TIFF (4.668 MB)     JPEG (148 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-03-18 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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The Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) instrument on NASA's Mars rover Curiosity took measurement on a rock outcrop (Spot 39) and on loose soil (Spot 40) within the 'Yellowknife Bay' area of Mars' Gale Crater.
PIA16810:
Variation in Subsurface Water In 'Yellowknife Bay'
Full Resolution:     TIFF (4.668 MB)     JPEG (206.8 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-03-20 Mars 726x400x3
This diagram illustrates the positions of Mars, Earth and the sun during a period that occurs approximately every 26 months, when Mars passes almost directly behind the sun from Earth's perspective.
PIA16811:
Geometry of Mars Solar Conjunction
Full Resolution:     TIFF (871.7 kB)     JPEG (12.1 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-04-08 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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This illustration shows the instruments and subsystems of the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) suite on the Curiosity Rover of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory Project. SAM analyzes the gases in the Martian atmosphere.
PIA16816:
The SAM Suite
Full Resolution:     TIFF (1.167 MB)     JPEG (87.23 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-04-08 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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As the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) suite of instruments on NASA's Curiosity Mars rover heats a sample, gases are released (or 'evolved') from the sample and can be identified using SAM's quadrupole mass spectrometer.
PIA16817:
Major Volatiles Released from the Fourth 'John Klein' Portion
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.915 MB)     JPEG (134.4 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-04-08 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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This image, made by the quadrupole mass spectrometer in the SAM suite of instruments in NASA's Curiosity Mars rover. shows the ratio of the argon isotope argon-36 to the heavier argon isotope argon-38, in various measurements.
PIA16818:
Argon Isotopes Provide Robust Signature of Atmospheric Loss
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.075 MB)     JPEG (65.18 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-04-08 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 ChemCam
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The ChemCam instrument on NASA's Curiosity Mars rover fired its laser 50 times at its onboard graphite target showing spectral measurements from the first shot, which hit dust on the target, compared to spectral measurements of from the 50th shot.
PIA16910:
Dust Detection by Curiosity's ChemCam
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.075 MB)     JPEG (48.57 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-04-08 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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This diagram shows how materials analyzed by the ChemCam instrument on NASA's Curiosity Mars rover during the first 100 Martian days of the mission differed with regard to hydrogen content (horizontal axis) and alkali (vertical axis).
PIA16911:
Curiosity's ChemCam Analyzes Rocks, Soils and Dust
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.075 MB)     JPEG (39.68 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-04-08 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 REMS
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This graph shows about one-fourth of a Martian year's pattern atmospheric pressure at the surface of Mars, as measured by the Rover Environmental Monitoring Station on NASA's Curiosity rover.
PIA16912:
Seasonal Pressure Curve Peaks at Gale Crater
Full Resolution:     TIFF (1.058 MB)     JPEG (58.18 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-04-08 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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This pair of graphs shows about one-fourth of a Martian year's record of temperatures (in degrees Celsius) measured by the Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS) on NASA's Curiosity rover.
PIA16913:
Steady Temperatures at Mars' Gale Crater
Full Resolution:     TIFF (1.122 MB)     JPEG (75.76 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-04-08 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 REMS
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The Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS) on NASA's Curiosity Mars rover has detected dozens of whirlwinds, or vortex events, causing brief dips in atmospheric pressure, and sometimes other measurable effects.
PIA16914:
Whirlwind Detection by Curiosity in Gale Crater
Full Resolution:     TIFF (1.707 MB)     JPEG (69.34 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-04-08 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 REMS
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This graphic tracks the maximum relative humidity and the temperature at which that maximum occurred each Martian day, or sol, for about one-fourth of a Martian year, as measured by REMS on NASA's Curiosity Mars rover.
PIA16915:
Humidity in Gale Crater: Scant and Variable
Full Resolution:     TIFF (1.589 MB)     JPEG (46.41 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-04-08 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 DAN
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This diagram illustrates how the Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) instrument on NASA's Curiosity Mars rover detects hydrogen in the ground beneath the rover.
PIA16917:
Physics of How DAN on Curiosity Checks for Water, Part 2
Full Resolution:     TIFF (3.552 MB)     JPEG (200.8 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-04-08 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 DAN
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This diagram illustrates how the Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) instrument on NASA's Curiosity Mars rover detects hydrogen in the ground beneath the rover.
PIA16916:
Physics of How DAN on Curiosity Checks for Water, Part 1
Full Resolution:     TIFF (3.552 MB)     JPEG (195.2 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-05-30 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 RAD
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This illustration depicts the two main types of radiation that NASA's Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) onboard Curiosity monitors, and how the magnetic field around Earth affects the radiation in space near Earth.
PIA16938:
Sources of Ionizing Radiation in Interplanetary Space
Full Resolution:     TIFF (1.35 MB)     JPEG (59.08 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-05-30 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 RAD
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This graphic shows the level of natural radiation detected by the Radiation Assessment Detector shielded inside NASA's Mars Science Laboratory on the trip from Earth to Mars from December 2011 to July 2012.
PIA16939:
Radiation Measurements During Trip From Earth to Mars
Full Resolution:     TIFF (10.87 MB)     JPEG (368.4 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-05-30 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 RAD
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This graph based on data from the RAD instrument onboard NASA's Mars Science Laboratory spacecraft shows the flux of energetic particles (vertical axis) as a function of the estimated energy deposited in water (horizontal axis).
PIA17060:
Calculating Radiation Dose for Biological Tissue
Full Resolution:     TIFF (11.9 MB)     JPEG (547.9 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-05-30 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 RAD
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This graphic compares the radiation dose equivalent for several types of experiences, including a calculation for a trip from Earth to Mars based on measurements made by the RAD instrument shielded inside NASA's Mars Science Laboratory spacecraft.
PIA17061:
Comparison of Some Radiation Exposures to Mars-Trip Level
Full Resolution:     TIFF (15.72 MB)     JPEG (635.4 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-06-07 Mars Mars Exploration Rover (MER)
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This triangle plot shows the relative concentrations of some of the major chemical elements in the Martian rock 'Esperance.' The compositions of average Martian crust and of montmorillonite, a common clay mineral, are shown.
PIA17075:
Chemistry of Martian Rock "Esperance"
Full Resolution:     TIFF (23.13 MB)     JPEG (222 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-06-12 Mars Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)
 MCS
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This graphic depicts the Mars Climate Sounder instrument on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter measuring the temperature of a cross section of the Martian atmosphere as the orbiter passes above the south polar region.
PIA17263:
Scanning Martian Atmospheric Temperatures (Graphic)
Full Resolution:     TIFF (13.77 MB)     JPEG (337.9 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-07-09 Mars Mars 2020 Rover
Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 ChemCam
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NASA's Mars 2020 rover would have capabilities for nested-scale observations and localized composition identification down to microscopic scale.
PIA17276:
The Importance of Nested Scales of Observations, Fine Scales
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Add Image to Favorite List 2013-12-05 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 ChemCam
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This graph shows a spectrum recorded by the Chemistry and Camera instrument (ChemCam) in NASA's Curiosity Mars rover; it is is typical of Martian volcanic (basalt) material.
PIA17593:
ChemCam Spectrum from Martian Rock Target 'Ithaca'
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Add Image to Favorite List 2013-12-09 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 ChemCam
SAM
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This schematic shows the atomic structure of the smallest units that make up the layers and interlayer region of clay minerals. This structure is similar to the clay mineral in drilled rock powder collected by NASA's Curiosity Mars rover.
PIA17598:
Clay Mineral Structure Similar to Clays Observed in Mudstone on Mars
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Add Image to Favorite List 2013-12-09 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 SAM
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This image graphs four gases released ('evolved') when powdered rock from the target rock 'Cumberland' was heated inside the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite on NASA's Curiosity Mars rover.
PIA17599:
Volatiles Released by Heating Sample Powder from Martian Rock 'Cumberland'
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.075 MB)     JPEG (59.9 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-12-09 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 RAD
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Measurements with the MSL's RAD on NASA's Curiosity Mars rover during the flight to Mars and now on the surface of Mars enable an estimate of the radiation astronauts would be exposed to on an expedition to Mars.
PIA17601:
Radiation Exposure Comparisons with Mars Trip Calculation
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.747 MB)     JPEG (85.27 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-12-09 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 RAD
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Micrograys are unit of measurement for absorbed radiation dose. The vertical axis is in micrograys per day. The RAD instrument on NASA's Curiosity Mars rover monitors the natural radiation environment at the surface of Mars.
PIA17600:
Radiation Measurements on Mars
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Add Image to Favorite List 2013-12-09 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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A rock in the Sheepbed mudstone deposit in the Yellowknife Bay area inside Gale Crater is the first rock on Mars ever to be dated by laboratory analysis of its ingredients.
PIA17602:
Measuring the Age of a Rock on Mars
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Add Image to Favorite List 2013-12-09 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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NASA's Curiosity Mars rover has made measurements indicating that the Cumberland rock target the rover drilled in May 2013 has been exposed at the surface for about 80 million years.
PIA17604:
Scarp Retreat Model and Exposure History of 'Yellowknife Bay'
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.075 MB)     JPEG (64.41 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2014-01-23 Mars Mars Exploration Rover (MER)
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This plot segregates various minerals examined by NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity according to their different compositions; for example, those with more iron and magnesium oxides are located in the lower right corner.
PIA17757:
Mineral Plot from 'Esperance' Target
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.766 MB)     JPEG (61.69 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2014-01-29 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 DAN
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Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN), measures the flow of neutrons with different energy levels returning from the ground, and their delay times, as an indication of the amount and depth of hydrogen in the ground beneath the NASA's rover, Curiosity.
PIA17762:
Russian Hydrogen-Checking Instrument on Curiosity Fires 2 Millionth Pulse
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Add Image to Favorite List 2010-01-27 Mars Mars Global Surveyor (MGS)
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An artist's concept of NASA's Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) flying over Mars.
PIA17486:
Mars Global Surveyor (Artist's Concept)
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Add Image to Favorite List 2014-09-21 Mars MAVEN
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This image shows an artist concept of NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) mission.
PIA18811:
MAVEN (Artist's Concept)
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Add Image to Favorite List 2014-10-09 Mars 2560x1600x3
This artist's concept shows NASA's Mars orbiters lining up behind the Red Planet for their 'duck and cover' maneuver to shield them from comet dust that may result from the close flyby of comet Siding Spring (C/2013 A1) on Oct. 19, 2014.
PIA18611:
Mars Orbiters 'Duck and Cover' for Comet Siding Spring Flyby (Artist's Concept)
Full Resolution:     TIFF (12.29 MB)     JPEG (163.2 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2014-10-09 Mars 1000x1000x3
Comet Siding Spring will have a close approach to Mars on Oct. 19, 2014. This artist's concept shows people in the Southern Hemisphere where to look for Mars in the night sky. Mars and the comet may be visible with binoculars.
PIA18612:
View of Comet Siding Spring from Southern Hemisphere (Artist's Concept)
Full Resolution:     TIFF (3.001 MB)     JPEG (39.78 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2014-10-14 Mars MAVEN
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Three views of an escaping atmosphere around Mars, obtained by NASA's MAVEN's Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph, are shown here.
PIA18613:
Ultraviolet Views of Martian Atmosphere
Full Resolution:     TIFF (31.73 MB)     JPEG (695.6 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2014-11-07 Mars Mars Express (MEX)
 Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS)
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These spectrograms from the MARSIS instrument on the European Space Agency's Mars Express orbiter show the intensity of radar echo in Mars' far-northern ionosphere at three times on Oct. 19 and 20, 2014.
PIA18859:
Radar-Detected Change in Martian Near-Polar Ionosphere After Comet's Flyby
Full Resolution:     TIFF (15.23 MB)     JPEG (513 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2014-11-07 Mars MAVEN
 Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer
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These eight graphs present data from the Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer on NASA's MAVEN orbiter identifying ions of different metals added to the Martian atmosphere shortly after comet C/2013 A1 Siding Spring sped close to Mars.
PIA18858:
Ions of Eight Metals from Comet Dust Detected in Mars Atmosphere
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Add Image to Favorite List 2014-11-07 Mars Mars Express (MEX)
 Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS)
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These plots portray data from radar sounding of Mars' mid-latitude ionosphere at three times on Oct. 19 and 20, 2014. The data are from the MARSIS instrument on the European Space Agency's Mars Express orbiter.
PIA18860:
Change in Mars' Mid-Latitude Ionosphere After Comet Flyby
Full Resolution:     TIFF (15.23 MB)     JPEG (494.5 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2014-11-07 Mars Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)
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This graph shows changes in apparent brightness of comet C/2013 A1 Siding Spring as it approached and receded from Mars, as seen by the HiRISE camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The pattern suggests the comet rotates once every eight hours.
PIA18862:
Brightness Rhythm of Mars Flyby Comet Is Clue to Rotation Rate
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Add Image to Favorite List 2014-11-07 Mars MAVEN
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This artist's concept depicts the Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) on NASA's MAVEN spacecraft scanning the upper atmosphere of Mars. IUVS uses limb scans to map the chemical makeup and vertical structure across Mars' upper atmosphere.
PIA18856:
Artist's Concept of MAVEN's Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph at Work
Full Resolution:     TIFF (7.572 MB)     JPEG (94.7 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2014-11-07 Mars MAVEN
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The places where the red line on this graph extends higher than the blue line show detection of metals added to the Martian atmosphere from dust particles released by a passing comet on Oct. 19, 2014. The graphed data are from NASA's MAVEN spacecraft.
PIA18857:
Comet Meteor Shower Put Magnesium and Iron into Martian Atmosphere
Full Resolution:     TIFF (9.44 MB)     JPEG (208.1 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2014-12-08 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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This diagram depicts rivers entering a lake. Where the water's flow decelerates, sediments drop out, and a delta forms, depositing a prism of sediment that tapers out toward the lake's interior.
PIA19071:
How a Delta Forms Where River Meets Lake
Full Resolution:     TIFF (6.247 MB)     JPEG (112.7 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2014-12-08 Mars Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
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This image depicts how a mountain inside a Mars' Gale Crater might have formed. At left, the crater fills with layers of sediment. Yellow is for deposits in alluvial fans, deltas, and drifts during both wet and dry periods.
PIA19079:
Sedimentation and Erosion in Gale Crater, Mars
Full Resolution:     TIFF (15.42 MB)     JPEG (190.5 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2015-05-04 Mars 720x412x3
This graphic depicts the relative shapes and distances from Mars for five active orbiter missions plus the planet's two natural satellites. It illustrates the potential for intersections of the spacecraft orbits.
PIA19396:
Diverse Orbits Around Mars (Graphic)
Full Resolution:     TIFF (890.4 kB)     JPEG (20.92 kB)
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