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Gallery: Spacecraft and Technology
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Add Image to Favorite List 2021-02-18 Mars Mars 2020 Rover
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NASA's Perseverance rover was able to use its new Terrain-Relative Navigation technology to avoid hazards and find a safe place to land in Jezero Crater on Mars.
PIA23970:
Avoiding Hazards at Jezero Crater
Full Resolution:     TIFF (4.815 MB)     JPEG (621.2 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2021-04-05 Mars 2020 Rover
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Photo of a rover wheel with etched illustration inside, featuring two sets of rover wheel tracks, one straight and one twisted.
PIA24552:
Rover DNA Inscription
Full Resolution:     TIFF (3.884 MB)     JPEG (157.2 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2021-10-18 Mars 2020 Rover
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This illustration of NASA's Perseverance Mars rover indicates the location of its two microphones.
PIA24931:
Illustration: Perseverance's Microphones
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.059 MB)     JPEG (129.6 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2021-10-18 Mars 2020 Rover
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NASA's Perseverance Mars rover carries two commercial-grade microphones, including this one on its mast. The mast microphone is part of the SuperCam instrument.
PIA24932:
Perseverance's Mast Microphone
Full Resolution:     TIFF (21.37 MB)     JPEG (1.215 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2021-10-18 Mars 2020 Rover
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NASA's Perseverance Mars rover carries two commercial-grade microphones, including this one on its chassis.
PIA24933:
Perseverance's Body Microphone
Full Resolution:     TIFF (10.24 MB)     JPEG (482.1 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2021-11-17 Mars 2020 Rover
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Engineering models of the Curiosity Mars rover (foreground) and the Perseverance Mars rover share space in the garage at JPL's Mars Yard.
PIA24525:
Twin Rover Twins
Full Resolution:     TIFF (28.48 MB)     JPEG (1.42 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2021-11-17 Mars 2020 Rover
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On October 29, 2021, a heavy-duty vehicle transports the Perseverance rover's engineering model, called OPTIMISM, from a test lab to the Mars Yard garage at JPL.
PIA24526:
Heavy-Duty OPTIMISM
Full Resolution:     TIFF (119.2 MB)     JPEG (6.026 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2021-11-17 Mars 2020 Rover
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OPTIMISM faces a doorway of JPL's Mars Yard garage shortly after arriving there on October 29, 2021.
PIA24527:
OPTIMISM Ready for Testing
Full Resolution:     TIFF (97.36 MB)     JPEG (5.438 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2021-11-17 Mars 2020 Rover
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Updated with new features, the twin of NASA's Perseverance Mars rover arrives at JPL's Mars Yard garage on October 29, 2021.
PIA24528:
Improved OPTIMISM
Full Resolution:     TIFF (102.9 MB)     JPEG (4.926 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2022-02-14 Mars 2020 Rover
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Engineers working with NASA's Perseverance Mars rover set up this test area at JPL to practice drilling into crumbly rocks using a duplicate of the rover's rock-coring drill.
PIA25048:
Testing a Roubion-Like Rock
Full Resolution:     TIFF (32.7 MB)     JPEG (1.618 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2022-02-14 Mars 2020 Rover
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Engineers at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory performed tests on rocks such as this one to understand why the first attempt by the agency's Perseverance rover resulted in a powderized sample.
PIA25049:
Creating a Drill Hole in a Test Rock
Full Resolution:     TIFF (592.9 kB)     JPEG (47.51 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2022-02-14 Mars 2020 Rover
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This drill is a duplicate of the one aboard NASA's Perseverance Mars rover. It was used in a test campaign to learn how crumbly rocks respond to the drill.
PIA25050:
Close-Up of a Perseverance-Like Drill
Full Resolution:     TIFF (32.42 MB)     JPEG (1.26 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2022-12-07 Mars 2020 Rover
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The drill bits used by NASA's Perseverance rover are seen before being installed prior to launch. From left, the regolith bit, six bits used for drilling rock cores, and two abrasion bits.
PIA25590:
Perseverance's Drill Bits
Full Resolution:     TIFF (30.18 MB)     JPEG (1.355 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2022-12-07 Mars 2020 Rover
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Optimism, a full-scale replica of NASA's Perseverance Mars rover, tests a model of Perseverance's regolith bit in a pile of simulated regolith – broken rock and dust – at JPL.
PIA25651:
Testing Perseverance's Regolith Bit Here on Earth
Full Resolution:     TIFF (32.06 MB)     JPEG (1.477 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2022-12-15 Mars 2020 Rover
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This annotated image points out the various cameras aboard NASA's Perseverance Mars rover; the list on the right indicates how many images each camera has taken as of December 6, 2022.
PIA25653:
Perseverance's Cameras, Tallies of Their Images
Full Resolution:     TIFF (7.266 MB)     JPEG (338.3 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2022-12-21 Mars 2020 Rover
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Engineers use OPTIMISM, a full-size replica of NASA's Perseverance rover, to test how it will deposit its first sample tube on the Martian surface.
PIA25676:
Testing a Sample Drop in the Mars Yard
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.626 MB)     JPEG (149.9 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2022-12-21 Mars 2020 Rover
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Engineers react with surprise while testing how NASA's Perseverance rover will deposit its sample tubes on the Martian surface.
PIA25677:
OPTIMISM Sticks the Landing
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.497 MB)     JPEG (118.1 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2013-07-09 Mars Mars 2020 Rover
Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
 ChemCam
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NASA's Mars 2020 rover would have capabilities for nested-scale observations and localized composition identification down to microscopic scale.
PIA17276:
The Importance of Nested Scales of Observations, Fine Scales
Full Resolution:     TIFF (14.04 MB)     JPEG (354 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2016-10-04 Mars 2020 Rover
 LVS
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A prototype of the Lander Vision System for NASA's Mars 2020 mission was tested in this Dec. 9, 2014, flight of a Masten Space Systems 'Xombie' vehicle at Mojave Air and Space Port in California.
PIA20848:
Test of Lander Vision System for Mars 2020
Full Resolution:     TIFF (9.195 MB)     JPEG (501.3 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2019-04-05 Mars 2020 Rover
 Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment (MOXIE)
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Members of NASA's Mars 2020 project install the Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment (MOXIE) into the chassis of NASA's next Mars rover.
PIA23154:
This Is One Mars Rover With MOXIE
Full Resolution:     TIFF (79.62 MB)     JPEG (2.522 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2020-10-19 Mars 2020 Rover
 Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment (MOXIE)
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This X-ray image shows the interior of a 3D-printed heat exchanger in Perseverance's MOXIE instrument. X-ray images like these are used to check for defects within parts.
PIA24100:
X-ray Image of 3D-Printed MOXIE Part
Full Resolution:     TIFF (158.8 kB)     JPEG (18.57 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2020-10-19 Mars 2020 Rover
 Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment (MOXIE)
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This nickel-alloy heat exchanger is among several that were 3D printed for MOXIE, an instrument aboard NASA's Perseverance Mars rover.
PIA24171:
Close-up of 3D printed MOXIE Heat Exchanger
Full Resolution:     TIFF (47.22 MB)     JPEG (1.691 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2020-11-24 Mars 2020 Rover
 Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment (MOXIE)
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Engineers lower MOXIE into the belly of NASA's Perseverance rover.
PIA24176:
Engineers Lower MOXIE into Perseverance
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.367 MB)     JPEG (121.9 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2020-11-24 Mars 2020 Rover
 Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment (MOXIE)
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An illustration of MOXIE and its components. An air pump pulls in carbon dioxide gas from the Martian atmosphere, which is then regulated and fed to the Solid OXide Electrolyzer (SOXE), where it is electrochemically split to produce pure oxygen.
PIA24177:
Components of MOXIE (Illustration)
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.403 MB)     JPEG (122.9 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2021-01-19 Mars 2020 Rover
 Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment (MOXIE)
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The engineering model (EM), an almost identical twin of Mars 2020's MOXIE, is used for testing in the lab at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.
PIA24201:
MOXIE Twin During Testing
Full Resolution:     TIFF (26.12 MB)     JPEG (835.1 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2021-01-19 Mars 2020 Rover
 Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment (MOXIE)
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This engineering model of Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment (MOXIE) instrument is about to undergo vibration testing in a lab at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.
PIA24202:
MOXIE Shakes it UP
Full Resolution:     TIFF (8.957 MB)     JPEG (468.1 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2021-01-19 Mars 2020 Rover
 Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment (MOXIE)
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In this image, the gold-plated Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment (MOXIE) Instrument shines after being installed inside the Perseverance rover.
PIA24203:
MOXIE All Tucked In
Full Resolution:     TIFF (36.5 MB)     JPEG (1.375 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2020-12-08 Mars 2020 Rover
 Mastcam-Z
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Scientists use the color swatches on the primary calibration target for Mastcam-Z aboard NASA's Perseverance Mars rover. Symbols and mottos relevant to the mission are included around the target's perimeter.
PIA24178:
Mastcam-Z's Calibration Target
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.924 MB)     JPEG (174.1 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2021-01-19 Mars 2020 Rover
 Mastcam-Z
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With two cameras set about 10 inches apart at the top of the Mars 2020 rover's remote sensing mast, Mastcam-Z can produce a 3D image to be viewed with 3D glasses.
PIA24196:
Mastcam-Z Can See in 3D
Full Resolution:     TIFF (7.662 MB)     JPEG (270.6 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2021-01-19 Mars 2020 Rover
 Mastcam-Z
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A JPL optical technician performs a final inspection and swab cleaning of the front optics of the Mars 2020 mission's Perseverance rover Mastcam-Z cameras at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida in March 2020.
PIA24197:
Mastcam-Z Final Lens Cleaning
Full Resolution:     TIFF (7.508 MB)     JPEG (240.1 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2021-01-19 Mars 2020 Rover
 Mastcam-Z
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The Mars 2020 Mastcam-Z cameras are on a workbench during their assembly at Malin Space Science Systems in San Diego.
PIA24198:
Mastcam-Z Looking Left
Full Resolution:     TIFF (63.95 MB)     JPEG (1.898 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2021-01-19 Mars 2020 Rover
 Mastcam-Z
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This modern-looking geoboard adds a pop of color to the lab at Malin Space Science Systems in San Diego, California.
PIA24199:
Modern Art for Mastcam-Z
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.261 MB)     JPEG (134.7 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2021-01-19 Mars 2020 Rover
 Mastcam-Z
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The twin Mars 2020 Mastcam-Z cameras, shown with a pocket knife for scale, are assembled and ready for testing in this photo taken at Malin Space Science Systems, in San Diego, California.
PIA24200:
Ready for a Close Up (or a Wide Angle)
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.337 MB)     JPEG (81.91 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2014-07-31 Mars 2020 Rover
 Planetary Instrument for X-RAY Lithochemistry (PIXL)
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This diagram depicts the sensor head of the Planetary Instrument for X-RAY Lithochemistry, or PIXL, which has been selected as one of seven investigations for the payload of NASA's Mars 2020 rover mission.
PIA18406:
X-Ray Instrument for Mars 2020 Rover is PIXL
Full Resolution:     TIFF (875.3 kB)     JPEG (33.18 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2020-09-22 Mars 2020 Rover
 Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry (PIXL)
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In this illustration, NASA's Perseverance Mars rover uses the Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry (PIXL), which will help search for signs of ancient microbial life in rocks.
PIA24092:
Perseverance's PIXL at Work on Mars (Illustration)
Full Resolution:     TIFF (97.31 MB)     JPEG (4.965 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2020-09-22 Mars 2020 Rover
 Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry (PIXL)
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PIXL opens its dust cover during testing at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. One of seven instruments on NASA's Perseverance Mars rover, PIXL is located on the end of the rover's robotic arm.
PIA24093:
Perseverance's PIXL Opens its Dust Cover
Full Resolution:     TIFF (5.13 MB)     JPEG (252.6 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2020-09-22 Mars 2020 Rover
 Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry (PIXL)
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A device with six mechanical legs, the hexapod is a critical part of the PIXL instrument aboard NASA's Perseverance Mars rover. The hexapod allows PIXL to make slow, precise movements to get closer to and point at specific parts of a rock's surface.
PIA24094:
PIXL's Hexapod Has Moves
Full Resolution:     TIFF (2.402 MB)     JPEG (139.3 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2020-09-22 Mars 2020 Rover
 Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry (PIXL)
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PIXL requires pictures of its rock targets to autonomously position itself. Using artificial intelligence, PIXL relies on the images to determine how far away it is from a target to be scanned.
PIA24095:
PIXL's Nightlight
Full Resolution:     TIFF (29.36 MB)     JPEG (874 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2020-10-08 Mars 2020 Rover
 Radar Imager for Mars' Subsurface Experiment (RIMFAX)
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Perseverance's Radar Imager for Mars' Subsurface Experiment (RIMFAX) uses radar waves to probe the ground, revealing the unexplored world that lies beneath the Martian surface.
PIA24047:
RIMFAX at Work on NASA's Perseverance (Illustration)
Full Resolution:     TIFF (1.706 MB)     JPEG (124.5 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2020-10-08 Mars 2020 Rover
 Radar Imager for Mars' Subsurface Experiment (RIMFAX)
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A test model of the RIMFAX instrument, aboard the trailer behind the snow mobile, undergoes field testing in Svalbard, Norway.
PIA24048:
Testing RIMFAX for NASA's Perseverance Rover
Full Resolution:     TIFF (13.07 MB)     JPEG (526.7 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2020-10-08 Mars 2020 Rover
 Radar Imager for Mars' Subsurface Experiment (RIMFAX)
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Highlighted in blue in this visualization, the RIMFAX instrument's antenna is externally mounted underneath the MMRTG (the rover's nuclear battery) on the back of Perseverance.
PIA24049:
RIMFAX Location on NASA's Perseverance Rover (Illustration)
Full Resolution:     TIFF (1.82 MB)     JPEG (118.9 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2021-01-20 Mars 2020 Rover
 Radar Imager for Mars' Subsurface Experiment (RIMFAX)
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This image, taken in the clean room at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, shows the Radar Imager for Mars' Subsurface Experiment (RIMFAX) electronic's box after it has been inserted into the Perseverance rover.
PIA24204:
The Parts Inside Perseverance
Full Resolution:     TIFF (43.08 MB)     JPEG (1.714 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2021-01-20 Mars 2020 Rover
 Radar Imager for Mars' Subsurface Experiment (RIMFAX)
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The Radar Imager for Mars' Subsurface Experiment (RIMFAX) electronics box before being integrated into the Perseverance rover at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.
PIA24205:
This Gold Box to Searches for Buried Treasure
Full Resolution:     TIFF (946.1 kB)     JPEG (51.16 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2021-01-20 Mars 2020 Rover
 Radar Imager for Mars' Subsurface Experiment (RIMFAX)
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The bowtie-shaped antenna for the Radar Imager for Mars' Subsurface Experiment (RIMFAX) instrument has been mounted on the underside of the Perseverance rover.
PIA24206:
Put a Bowtie on It!
Full Resolution:     TIFF (41.26 MB)     JPEG (1.417 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2014-07-31 Mars 2020 Rover
 Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman & Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC)
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This illustration depicts the mechanism and conceptual research targets for an instrument named SHERLOC, which has been selected as one of seven investigations for the payload of NASA's Mars 2020 rover mission.
PIA18407:
Ultraviolet Instrument for Mars 2020 Rover is SHERLOC
Full Resolution:     TIFF (875.3 kB)     JPEG (44.11 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2020-02-20 Mars 2020 Rover
 Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman & Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC)
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This image shows the SHERLOC instrument, located at the end of the robotic arm on NASA's Mars 2020 rover.
PIA23621:
Close-up of NASA's Mars 2020 Rover's SHERLOC Instrument
Full Resolution:     TIFF (29.35 MB)     JPEG (818.8 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2020-12-08 Mars 2020 Rover
 Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman & Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC)
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The calibration target for SHERLOC, one of the instruments aboard NASA's Perseverance Mars rover, features a slice of Martian meteorite, plus spacesuit materials, including helmet-visor material that doubles as a geocache target.
PIA24261:
SHERLOC's Calibration Target Aboard the Perseverance Mars Rover
Full Resolution:     TIFF (10.63 MB)     JPEG (504.8 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2020-12-08 Mars 2020 Rover
 SuperCam
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This fragment of a Martian meteorite, seen floating inside the International Space Station, is is now part of a calibration target for SuperCam, one of the instruments aboard NASA's Perseverance Mars rover.
PIA24179:
Supercam's Mars Meteorite Aboard the ISS
Full Resolution:     TIFF (41.32 MB)     JPEG (1.142 MB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2021-01-20 Mars 2020 Rover
 SuperCam
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The mast-mounted portion of Mars 2020's SuperCam awaits integration into the Perseverance rover.
PIA24207:
SuperCam is Not Seeing Red
Full Resolution:     TIFF (7.859 MB)     JPEG (297.9 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2021-01-20 Mars 2020 Rover
 SuperCam
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SuperCam's mast unit before being installed atop the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover's remote sensing mast.
PIA24208:
SuperCam Mast Unit
Full Resolution:     TIFF (11.3 MB)     JPEG (490.5 kB)
Add Image to Favorite List 2021-02-16 Mars 2020 Rover
 SuperCam
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This narrated animation shows NASA's Perseverance rover on Mars and how the rover's SuperCam laser instrument works.
PIA24426:
Animation: How Perseverance's SuperCam Works
Full Resolution:     TIFF (5.274 MB)     JPEG (194.2 kB)
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