Figure 1 Sept. 22	Figure 2 Sept. 22	Figure 3 Sept. 24	Figure 4 Sept. 24

A major dust storm moved across the eastern and northeastern regions of Australia Sept. 22-24, 2009, out towards the Pacific. The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument on NASA’s Aqua satellite was able to detect some of the dust as it moved across the continent. By modeling the changes in the observed brightness temperature for AIRS spectral channels that are affected by dust, an estimate of the amount of dust in the atmosphere can be made. In Figure 2, taken at 03.40 UTC on Sept. 22, 2009, the peak loading close to the coast is estimated to be about 2 grams of dust per square meter. This plume is the one that turned Sydney as red as Mars. The dust from this storm subsequently blew eastward across the South Pacific, and became caught up in a cyclone, as seen in Figures 3 and 4. Depending on prevailing winds, the dust may travel as far as South America. Images in Figures 1 and 3 were taken on Sept. 22nd and 24th, respectively. Images in Figures 2 and 4 show the height of the dust plumes derived from the AIRS data.

Dust storms can wreak havoc with transportation and create health concerns, among their many effects. They also reduce the amount of outgoing longwave radiation. Each year, in a similar fashion, the dust from storms originating in Central and West Africa can be transported as far away as the Amazon.

The AIRS instrument flies on NASA’s Aqua satellite and is managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, under contract to NASA. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

More information about AIRS can be found at http://airs.jpl.nasa.gov.

Dust retrievals shown in Figures 2 and 4 are courtesy of Sergio DeSouza-Machado, University of Maryland.